Salman , A.A. and Mohammed , S.J. 2025. Public State Services for Merchants in the Islamic East in the Book Masalik al-Ibsar fi Mamlik al-Amsar by Ibn Fadl Allah al-Amri, who Died 749 AH / 1349 AD. Journal of Ecohumanism. 3, 8 (Jan. 2025), 10732 –. DOI:https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i8.5687.